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Reading KMA forecasts & weather indicators

A weather forecast is full of indicators — probability of precipitation, sky condition, feels-like temperature, UV index, fine-dust grades — that become far more useful once you know exactly what they mean. Here's what the values in sanCheck actually represent, and how to read a Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) forecast, one indicator at a time.

Probability of precipitation (POP)

This is the chance that rain or snow will fall at a given time and place, shown as a percentage. Contrary to a common misreading, a 70% POP does not mean "rain at 70% intensity" or "rain over 70% of the area" — it means there is a 70% chance that it rains at all. A high probability also doesn't guarantee heavy rain. As a rule of thumb, 30% or below is usually fine without an umbrella, while 60% or above is worth carrying one.

Sky condition (SKY) and precipitation type (PTY)

KMA's short-term forecast divides the sky into three states — Clear · Mostly cloudy · Overcast — based on how much cloud covers the sky. "Mostly cloudy" means plenty of cloud but no rain.

When rain or snow is expected, a precipitation type is shown as well: none · rain · rain/snow (sleet) · snow · shower. In winter, the same precipitation falls as rain or snow depending on temperature.

Temperature vs. feels-like temperature

Air temperature is what the thermometer reads, while feels-like temperature factors in wind and humidity to estimate what a person actually feels. In winter, stronger wind makes it feel colder than the reading (wind strips away body heat); in summer, higher humidity keeps sweat from evaporating, so it feels hotter. sanCheck's score is based on this feels-like temperature, not the raw air temperature.

UV index

The UV index expresses the effect of ultraviolet radiation on skin on a scale from 0 to 11+. The higher it is, the greater the risk of skin damage from even brief exposure.

IndexLevelWhat to do
0–2LowNo special action needed
3–5ModerateHat and sunglasses advised
6–7HighSeek shade, use sunscreen
8–10Very highAvoid midday sun outdoors
11+ExtremeStay indoors if possible

Comparing fine-dust grading standards

The same dust concentration can read as "Moderate" under one standard and "Bad" under another. In Settings → Fine-dust standard, sanCheck lets you choose one of three standards. All units are µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic meter).

Fine dust (PM10)

StandardGoodModerateBadVery bad
Korea (Ministry of Env.)~30~80~150150+
WHO 2021~20~45~7070+
WHO extended (default)~20~45~70~150*

Ultrafine dust (PM2.5)

StandardGoodModerateBadVery bad
Korea (Ministry of Env.)~15~35~7575+
WHO 2021~10~25~37.537.5+
WHO extended (default)~10~25~37.5~75*

* The WHO-extended standard follows the WHO 2021 guideline values but adds one more tier — "Hazardous" — above "Very bad" (PM10 over 150, PM2.5 over 75). It is the default because it reflects the WHO's strict guidance while still singling out the genuinely dangerous high-concentration days.

Weather alerts: advisories and warnings

When hazardous weather is expected, KMA issues an advisory, and a more serious warning for severe cases. They cover heavy rain, heavy snow, heat, cold, strong wind, dry conditions, and yellow dust, among others; a warning denotes a level more dangerous than an advisory. When an alert is in effect for a location you've saved, sanCheck shows it right on the screen.

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